Luke 13 Jesus' Concern for His People
Summary

The thirteenth chapter presents the great concern of Jesus for those who were identified as God’s people but who failed to remain in close relationship with Him. This type person refuses to repent and bear fruit for the Lord. Those of His day also rejected Him as God’s Son. This concern is expressed in a number of statements, in a miracle, and in several parables: a statement of the choice to repent or perish (1-5); the parable of the barren fig tree (6-9); the healing of a crippled woman (10-17); the parables of mustard seed and leaven (18-21); the illustration of entering by the narrow door (22-30); and Jesus’ own lament over the city of Jerusalem because it was God’s city and the people in it were rejecting God’s Son (31-35).

Repent or Perish

13There were some present at that very time who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. 2And he answered them, “Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered in this way? 3No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish. 4Or those eighteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them: do you think that they were worse offenders than all the others who lived in Jerusalem? 5No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.”

Question 1

What is every person’s choice with regard to his sinful ways?

The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree

6And he told this parable: “A man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came seeking fruit on it and found none. 7And he said to the vinedresser, ‘Look, for three years now I have come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and I find none. Cut it down. Why should it use up the ground?’ 8And he answered him, ‘Sir, let it alone this year also, until I dig around it and put on manure. 9Then if it should bear fruit next year, well and good; but if not, you can cut it down.’”

Question 2

What is the lesson of the barren fig tree for Jesus’ followers?

A Woman with a Disabling Spirit

10Now he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath. 11And behold, there was a woman who had had a disabling spirit for eighteen years. She was bent over and could not fully straighten herself. 12When Jesus saw her, he called her over and said to her, “Woman, you are freed from your disability.” 13And he laid his hands on her, and immediately she was made straight, and she glorified God. 14But the ruler of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, said to the people, “There are six days in which work ought to be done. Come on those days and be healed, and not on the Sabbath day.” 15Then the Lord answered him, “You hypocrites! Does not each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or his donkey from the manger and lead it away to water it? 16And ought not this woman, a daughter of Abraham whom Satan bound for eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the Sabbath day?” 17As he said these things, all his adversaries were put to shame, and all the people rejoiced at all the glorious things that were done by him.

Question 3

How was the ruler of the synagogue a hypocrite?

The Mustard Seed and the Leaven

18He said therefore, “What is the kingdom of God like? And to what shall I compare it? 19It is like a grain of mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his garden, and it grew and became a tree, and the birds of the air made nests in its branches.”

Question 4

How is the spiritual kingdom of God like a mustard seed and leaven?

20And again he said, “To what shall I compare the kingdom of God? 21It is like leaven that a woman took and hid in three measures of flour, until it was all leavened.”

The Narrow Door

22He went on his way through towns and villages, teaching and journeying toward Jerusalem. 23And someone said to him, “Lord, will those who are saved be few?” And he said to them, 24“Strive to enter through the narrow door. For many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able. 25When once the master of the house has risen and shut the door, and you begin to stand outside and to knock at the door, saying, ‘Lord, open to us,’ then he will answer you, ‘I do not know where you come from.’ 26Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.’ 27But he will say, ‘I tell you, I do not know where you come from. Depart from me, all you workers of evil!’ 28In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God but you yourselves cast out. 29And people will come from east and west, and from north and south, and recline at table in the kingdom of God. 30And behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”

Question 5

Why will only few be saved?

Lament over Jerusalem

31At that very hour some Pharisees came and said to him, “Get away from here, for Herod wants to kill you.” 32And he said to them, “Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I cast out demons and perform cures today and tomorrow, and the third day I finish my course. 33Nevertheless, I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem.’ 34O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing! 35Behold, your house is forsaken. And I tell you, you will not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!’”

People
  • Jesus
  • Teaching and lamenting over Jerusalem

Places
  • Jerusalem
  • Pilate killing Galileans

  • Siloam
  • Tower fell on 18 killing them

  • A synagogue
  • Where the infirmed woman came

  • Cities and villages on the way from Galilee to Jerusalem (vs.22)

Repent or Perish

13There were some present at that very time who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. 2And he answered them, “Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered in this way? 3No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish. 4Or those eighteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them: do you think that they were worse offenders than all the others who lived in Jerusalem? 5No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.”

Luke 13:1

Pilate was responsible for the deaths of Galileans killed while worshiping in Jerusalem.


Luke 13:4

Jesus’ question is whether they thought the Galileans were being punished for their sins.


Luke 13:3

His answer is “No.” They were not “worse sinners” and these, being sinners, must also repent.


Luke 13:4

Siloam was near the southeast corner of Jerusalem’s walls; there was a water reservoir there. Apparently there had been a terrible accident there; they were not killed for being worse sinners.

The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree

6And he told this parable: “A man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came seeking fruit on it and found none. 7And he said to the vinedresser, ‘Look, for three years now I have come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and I find none. Cut it down. Why should it use up the ground?’ 8And he answered him, ‘Sir, let it alone this year also, until I dig around it and put on manure. 9Then if it should bear fruit next year, well and good; but if not, you can cut it down.’”

Luke 13:8

The vinedresser represents a compassionate Jesus; the owner is an equally compassionate God.

A Woman with a Disabling Spirit

10Now he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath. 11And behold, there was a woman who had had a disabling spirit for eighteen years. She was bent over and could not fully straighten herself. 12When Jesus saw her, he called her over and said to her, “Woman, you are freed from your disability.” 13And he laid his hands on her, and immediately she was made straight, and she glorified God. 14But the ruler of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, said to the people, “There are six days in which work ought to be done. Come on those days and be healed, and not on the Sabbath day.” 15Then the Lord answered him, “You hypocrites! Does not each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or his donkey from the manger and lead it away to water it? 16And ought not this woman, a daughter of Abraham whom Satan bound for eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the Sabbath day?” 17As he said these things, all his adversaries were put to shame, and all the people rejoiced at all the glorious things that were done by him.

Luke 13:14

Ruler of a synagogue was in charge of maintaining orderly religious services. He thought the Sabbath had been violated by Jesus.


Luke 13:15

The ruler was a hypocrite because he knew that the Sabbath law did not prohibit acts of charity.

The Mustard Seed and the Leaven

18He said therefore, “What is the kingdom of God like? And to what shall I compare it? 19It is like a grain of mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his garden, and it grew and became a tree, and the birds of the air made nests in its branches.”

Luke 13:19

A mustard seed was extremely small. It produced a bush or tree rising to about ten feet high.

Birds nesting refers to people coming to the kingdom for spiritual shade, shelter, and security.

20And again he said, “To what shall I compare the kingdom of God? 21It is like leaven that a woman took and hid in three measures of flour, until it was all leavened.”

Luke 13:21

Three measures would be more than a bushel and up to 50 lbs. A little leavens a lot!

The Narrow Door

22He went on his way through towns and villages, teaching and journeying toward Jerusalem. 23And someone said to him, “Lord, will those who are saved be few?” And he said to them, 24“Strive to enter through the narrow door. For many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able. 25When once the master of the house has risen and shut the door, and you begin to stand outside and to knock at the door, saying, ‘Lord, open to us,’ then he will answer you, ‘I do not know where you come from.’ 26Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.’ 27But he will say, ‘I tell you, I do not know where you come from. Depart from me, all you workers of evil!’ 28In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God but you yourselves cast out. 29And people will come from east and west, and from north and south, and recline at table in the kingdom of God. 30And behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”

Luke 13:22

Jesus deliberately went to Jerusalem to sacrifice himself. See also:

Luke 9:51; Luke 18:31


Luke 13:29

Not just Jews, but people from every direction (Gentiles), would be received in God’s kingdom.

Lament over Jerusalem

31At that very hour some Pharisees came and said to him, “Get away from here, for Herod wants to kill you.” 32And he said to them, “Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I cast out demons and perform cures today and tomorrow, and the third day I finish my course. 33Nevertheless, I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem.’ 34O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing! 35Behold, your house is forsaken. And I tell you, you will not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!’”

Luke 13:32

Herod (Antipas) is called a “fox” because he was devious, unscrupulous, treacherous, insincere.


Luke 13:34

Jezebel had slain prophets of God. See:

1 Kings 18:4

Jehoiakim killed Urijah. See:

Jeremiah 26:20-24

Zechariah was stoned in Jerusalem. See:

2 Chronicles 24:20-22

Killing others caused Judah’s captivity. See:”

Nehemiah 9:26-27

Perspectives

All must repent because all have sinned (see Romans 3:23; Acts 2:38). We must also bear fruit.

God’s kingdom began small but continues to grow into a great spiritual body.

We must be prepared because at any time our door may be shut and we refused entrance to a place with God.